domingo, 7 de febrero de 2010

The Present Perfect Structure (Youtube)

PRESENT PERFECT - (You Yube)

The Present Perfect Tense (Youtube)

FIRST EVALUATION-Present Perfect.


El verbo 'to have' tiene en español el significado principal de 'tener' y 'haber'. Puede tener también otros significados, como 'tomar'. Conoceremos su traducción apropiada dependiendo del sentido de la frase.

I have a new car / Tengo un coche nuevo

I have worked / He trabajado

I’ll have coffee / Tomare café

The Perfect Tenses

Introduction. The perfect tenses are compound tenses; that is, they are made up of two parts, a helping verb and a past participle.

e.g: he hablado (I HAVE SPOKEN), habías hablado (YOU HAD SPOKEN), habremos hablado (WE WILL HAVE SPOKEN).

Introduccion. Los tiempos perfectos son tiempos compuestos, eso significa que el enunciado esta estructurado en dos partes, un verbo auxiliar mas el participio pasado.

e.g: he hablado (I have spoken), habías hablado (you had spoken), habremos hablado (we will have spoken).

El pretérito perfecto (Present Perfect)

Como todo tiempo compuesto en español, conjugamos el verbo auxiliar haber y luego le añadimos el participio pasado.


EL VERBO AUXILIAR

A diferencia de otros idiomas que tienen más de un verbo auxiliar para formar las formas compuestas de los verbos el español tiene un único verbo: HABER.

Ej: Olga ha nacido en Córcega.

Agustín ha salido de casa.

¿Adónde has ido de vacaciones?

Delia se ha maquillado.

Betty ha bajado las escaleras corriendo.

Sergio ha bajado las maletas a la recepción.

El pretérito perfecto constituye una unidad continua entre el verbo auxiliar haber y el participio pasado.

Así pues, si un adverbio acompaña una forma compuesta, en general éste siempre irá antes o después de la forma verbal, pero nunca se interrumpirá la continuidad que forman la secuencia del verbo auxiliar y participio pasado.

Pasado simple vs presente perfecto (Youtube)

Present Perfect (Pretérito Perfecto)

El "present perfect" es un tiempo que sirve para describir acciones que acaban de suceder en el pasado y que guardan alguna relación con el presente. Equivale en castellano al pretérito perfecto:

I have bought a car. - Yo he comprado un coche: nos indica que la acción de comprar el coche acaba de realizarse.

Si por el contrario utilizáramos el "past simple" esta conexión con el presente se pierde:

I bought a car. - Yo compré un coche: no implica que la acción haya sido reciente, ni que aún siga teniendo ese coche.

En las oraciones con "present perfect" no se suele mencionar el momento en el que se ha desarrollado la acción:

I have read a book. - Yo he leído un libro: la acción acaba de finalizar.

Ya que si se mencionara el momento de su realización, entonces habría que utilizar el "past simple":

I read a book this morning. Yo leí un libro esta mañana

No obstante, a veces sí se puede mencionar el periodo de tiempo en el que la acción se ha desarrollado, pero únicamente si este periodo de tiempo aún no ha finalizado:

This morning I have drunk three coffees. Esta mañana me he tomado 3 cafés: utilizo en este caso el "present perfect" si el periodo de la mañana aún NO ha terminado.

Ya que si este periodo hubiera finalizado habría que utilizar entonces el "past simple":

This morning I drank three coffees. Esta mañana me tomé tres cafés: nos indica que la mañana ya finalizó.

Otro uso típico del "present perfect" es para describir acciones que empezaron en el pasado y que aún no han finalizado:

I have lived in this city since 1980. He vivido en esta ciudad desde 1980: implica que sigo viviendo en la ciudad.

I have played tennis since my childhood. He jugado al tenis desde mi infancia: y sigo jugando

Si la acción hubiera ya finalizado entonces habría que utilizar el "past simple":

I lived in this city for 10 years. Yo viví en esta ciudad 10 años: pero ya no vivo ahí.

I played tennis for many years. Yo jugué al tenis muchos años: pero ya no juego.

El "present perfect" se forma con el auxiliar "have" en presente del indicativo (simple present), más el participio (past participle) del verbo principal:

I have listened to the news. Yo he escuchado las noticias

She has watched TV. Ella ha visto la tele
La forma NEGATIVA se forma con la partícula de negación "NOT" entre el auxiliar y el verbo principal, y la forma INTERROGATIVA se construye con el auxiliar al comienzo de la oración, seguido del sujeto y del verbo principal:

I have not done my homework.
Yo no he hecho mi tarea.


Have you been in Seville?
¿Has estado en Sevilla?

Irregular Past Participles Choose the correct verb.

Begin: We're late -- the game has already ______.
begin / begun / began

Break: Shelley can't go skiing any more. She has ______ her leg.
broken / breaken / broke

Become: In the last few years, it has ______ more and more difficult to get into college.
become / became / becume

Bring: Duncan's here, and he's ______ some sandwiches!
braught / brung / Brought

Choose: She's getting married in a week, and she hasn't ______ her dress yet.
choosen / chose / chosen

Drink: It's so hot that I've ______ five cans of Coke already this afternoon.
drank / drunk / drunken

Eat: You've ______ my lunch! How dare you!
eaten / ate / aten

Fall: The price of oil has ______ rapidly since January.
fell / felt / fallen

Feel: I've never ______ so good!
felt / feelen / fold

Hear: Have you ______ about the accident?
heared / hearn / heard

Lose: I've ______ my grammar book. Have you seen it?
lost / loose / losen

Put: I found your grammar book under the table.
I've ______ it away on the bookshelf.
put / putten / pought

Run: Jan's out of breath because she's ______ all the way from the bus terminal.
ran / run / runnen

Sell: Have you ______ your car yet?
sellen / sole / sold

Sleep: I was so exhausted after the exam that I ______ for twelve hours.
sleep / sleeped / slept

Show: Stewart hasn't ______ up yet. He must have been delayed.
shown / shew / showed

Steal: Someone has ______ my bicycle!
stolen / stole / stelt

Swim: She's never ______ in the sea before.
swim / swum / swam

Teach: Gerry has ______ English at IVC for many years.
tought / taught / teach

Write: How many pages have you ______ for your homework?
writen / wrote / written

Present Perfect Negatives

S + have or has + not + past participle


Most Americans use the contracted form:
have + not = haven't or has + not = hasn't


Present Perfect Negative (Youtube)

Present Perfect Negatives

Type the negative of the present perfect tense in the boxes below.
the short form.

e.g. Helen_______ (gone) to America.
Helen hasn't gone to America.


Write negative sentences in present perfect simple.

The weather was wonderful today. So the children were in the park all afternoon and have not done their household chores:

1. Sarah / not / wash the dishes

____________________________________________

2. Anita / not / clean the kitchen

____________________________________________

3. Maureen and Gavin / not / water the plants

___________________________________________

4. Joey / not / make his bed

___________________________________________

5. David / not / buy milk

__________________________________________

6. Lisa / not / be to the baker's

__________________________________________

7. Aran and Jack / not / do their homework

__________________________________________

8. Jane and Ben / not / tidy up their rooms

__________________________________________

9. Alex / not / feed the hamster

__________________________________________

10. Hazel / not / empty the bin

__________________________________________

Present Perfect Negatives

Write negative sentences in present perfect simple.

1. We __________________________________(not/grow) carrots this year.

2. They ______________________________________(not/cut) the flowers.

3. The children ___________________________________(not/sleep) today.

4. Jo __________________________________(not/take) the dog for a walk.

5. Ingrid _______________________(not/understand) what the teacher said.

6. I ___________________________________(not/throw) the rubbish away.

7. Harry _________________________________(not/swim) at Bondi Beach.

8. They _______________________(not/spend) a lot of money at the market.

9. Ned _____________________________________(not/tell) his mother yet.

10. Heidi _______________________________(not/teach) Spanish very long.

Questions in the Present Perfect Tense (Youtube)

Present Perfect: Making Questions

Make a question from each sentence, like this:

"I travelled to Italy in 1985." becomes
"Have you ever travelled to Italy?"


I fell into the sea while I was fishing.

_______________________________________________?

I saw the movie Antz yesterday.

_______________________________________________?

I missed the bus last night.

_______________________________________________?

I had malaria when I was a child.

_______________________________________________?

I studied German at school.

_______________________________________________?

Present Perfect

YOU ARE WRITING A LETTER TO A FRIEND AND GIVING NEWS ABOUT PEOPLE YOU BOTH KNOW.

USE THE WORDS GIVEN TO MAKE SENTENCES AND PUT THE VERB IN THE CORRECT FORM.

Dear Chris,

Lots of things have happened since I last wrote to you,

Charles/ go/ Brazil__________________________________

Jack and Jill/ decide /to get married______________________

Suzanne / have / a baby______________________________

Monica / give up/ smoking____________________________

George/ pass / his driving test_________________________

Present Perfect

Read the situation and then write an appropriate sentence.

Use the verb given.

e.g: Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. (lose)

He has lost his key.

1. Sue's hair was dirty. Now it is clean. (wash)


She ___________________________________________


2. Tom weighed 190 pounds. Now he weighs 170. (lose weight).

______________________________________________


3. The car has just stopped because there isn't any more gas in the tank. (run out of gas).

______________________________________________


4. This morning Bill was playing football.

Now he can't walk and his leg is in a plaster cast. (break).

______________________________________________

Pasado Perfecto Verbo to be (Youtube)

The Past Perfect Tense (Youtube)

Past Perfect Tense (Pasado Perfecto)

El Pasado Perfecto

Se usa el pasado perfecto en inglés (past perfect) para hablar de una acción que ocurrió antes de otra acción, las dos siendo en el pasado. Se usa para mostrar el orden del las acciones del pasado.

e.g: When I arrived at the bus stop the bus had already left.
Cuando llegué a la parada del autobús, el autobús ya se había ido.


1st action = the bus left
2nd action = I arrived at the bus stop

Para poder construir la forma afirmativa del Pasado Perfecto debemos utilizar como auxiliar el verbo HAD en Pasado Simple y acompañarlo con el verbo principal en su Pasado Participio (ya sean verbos regulares o verbos irregulares):

Preguntas: Question word + had + subject + past participle.

Where had you been? (¿donde habias estado?) or

Had + subject + past participle

Had he seen it before? (¿lo habias visto antes?)

Tips (consejos)

Cuando se usa la palabra already (ya) con este tiempo se pone entre had y el past participle

e.g: When I got there the party had already started.
Cuando llegué la fiesta ya habia empezado

1st acción: the party started

2nd acción: I got there

By the time significa cuando en español.

Write the past participle of the following irregular verbs.

speak -___________ catch - ___________

eat - ____________ understand - _____________

begin -___________ buy _____________

see - ____________ swim ____________

tell - ____________ run _____________

sábado, 6 de febrero de 2010

Past Perfect Tense (Questions & Negatives)

Complete the sentences in Past Perfect Simple (positive).

I lost the key that he (give) ______________________ to me.

She told me that she (see) ______________________ a ghost.

I went downstairs because I (hear) ________________ a noise.

When they came home, Sue (cook) ___________ dinner already.

We could not send you a postcard because we (forget) ________
our address book.

Complete the sentences in Past Perfect Simple (negative).

1. The waiter served something that we (not / order) ________

2. He went to Alaska where he (not / be) _____________ before.

3. She put on the red dress, which she (not / wear) ___________
for ages.

4. He (not / play) __________________ tennis before that day.

5. His mother was angry because he (not / help) ____________
her with the shopping.

Complete the questions in Past Perfect Simple.

(you / finish) ______________________ your homework before
you went to the cinema?

(why / you / clean) ___________________________ the bathroom
before you bathed the dog?

(you / have) __________________ breakfast before you came here?

(she / find) ______________a place to stay when she went to Boston?

(where / she / live) ____________________________ before she
moved to Chicago?

The Passive Voice (Youtube)

Active and Passive Voice



















Passive Voice

Write the correct participle form of verb the in parenthesis + the verb to be in its present form & translate.

1.- That lamp is broken in three parts. (break)

______________________________________________

2.- The grass _______ __________ every day in summer.
(cut)

______________________________________________

3.- The mail ________ ___________ by the mailman once
a month. (bring)

______________________________________________

4.- Fresh fish _______ _____________ very carefully every
day for the restaurant. (chose)

______________________________________________

5.- Fresh bread _______ __________ every day at the Bimbo
Company. (bake)

______________________________________________

6.- The Halley comet __________ _______________ once in a
blue moon. (see)

______________________________________________

7.- That horse __________ ______________ by number seven. (ride)

______________________________________________

8.- The crossing of the whales __________ ______________ by
many people in the “Golf of Cortez” (see)

__________________________________________________

9.- Coca-Cola __________ _______________ all over the world. (sell)

__________________________________________________

10- The Rolls Royce __________ ______________ by Luis Miguel. (drive)

__________________________________________________

11- Mexican tacos __________ ______________ all over the world. (eat)

__________________________________________________

12- The battle against AIDS ________ ____________ in
every laboratory. (fight)

__________________________________________________

13- Verbs ________ ___________ very quickly by students. (forget)

__________________________________________________

14- Many National Anthems _________ _____________ in the
Olympics. (sing)

__________________________________________________

15- Spanish _________ ______________ in Europe too. (speak)

__________________________________________________

16- Food and Medicines _______ ___________ to disaster victims.
(fly)

__________________________________________________

17- This book __________ _______________ by me. (write)

__________________________________________________

18- Cotton __________ _______________ in Mexicali in the
summer. (harvest)

__________________________________________________

19- The walls __________ ______________ by the students. (paint)

__________________________________________________

20- Uniforms __________ _______________ by workers in many
schools, companies, and hospitals. (wear)

__________________________________________________

Passive Voice

Change the Active to Passive, remember to use “by”

1. Nine planets orbit the sun.
____________________________________________

2. Clyde Tom-Baugh discovered Pluto in 1930.
____________________________________________

3. Christian Huyghens first saw Saturn’s rings in 1655.

____________________________________________

4. William Herschel identified Uranus on March 13, 1781.

____________________________________________

5. Moons orbit some planets.

____________________________________________

6. Galileo discovered the four largest moons.

____________________________________________

7. Two moons orbit Uranus.

____________________________________________

8. A heavy atmosphere covers the planet Venus.

_______________________________________________

Passive Voice

Complete the sentences with “am, is, are” and the Past Participle, to form the Passive Voice. Translate.

1. Encarta ______ _________ to search for information. (use)

______________________________________________

2. Black and white TV’s ______ not ____________ in stores anymore. (sell)

______________________________________________

3. ______ scientific magazines ____________ by students? (read)

______________________________________________

4. Many languages ______ _____________ in Mexicali. (speak)

______________________________________________

5. My car ______ being ____________ in the County Dump. (hold)

______________________________________________

6. Juan Gabriel’s songs ______ __________ all over the world. (sing)

______________________________________________

7. I ______ being ____________ to the hospital. (drive)

______________________________________________

8. The children ______ ____________ by mosquitoes outside. (bite)

______________________________________________

9. The students ______ __________ to the “Plaza Calafia” by bus. (take)

______________________________________________

10. Mexican pottery ______ __________ all over the world. (sell)

______________________________________________



11. Cotton ______ still ____________ in Mexicali’s valleys. (grow)

______________________________________________

12. Mexican wetbacks ______ ____________ by rattlers in the dessert. (bite)

______________________________________________

13. The bell ______ ___________ on Sunday from the church. (ring)

______________________________________________

14. The balloons ______ ___________ by the students for the party. (blow)

______________________________________________

15. The piñata ______ being ____________ by my grandson Alex. (break)

______________________________________________

16. The dogs ______ being ____________ at this moment. (feed)

______________________________________________

17. The corps ______ ____________ to the mortuary. (send)

______________________________________________

18. A dead student ______ quickly ____________ by many. (forget)

______________________________________________

19. Money ______ ____________ from teller every day. (steal)

______________________________________________

20. Nation Anthems ______ ____________ in the Olympics. (sing)

______________________________________________

Passive Voice (Negatives)

Fill in the blanks with the Negative Passive Voice in the Present or Past Tense.

1. French _____ ________ in Haiti and Martinique. (speak)

2. These shoes ______ ________ for me by my cousin. (buy)

3. Sarapes are woolen blankets. They ______ _________ by
men and women in Mexico. (wear)

4. In 1982 the World Cup for Soccer ______ ________ by
the Italian Team. (win)

5. Tea ______ _________ at all times in Britain. (drink)

6. This bell is _______ (ring) when ever ships are _______
at sea. (lose)

7. The bread you are eating is put in the oven at 10 o’clock

and was ________ out half an hour ago. (take)

8. Potatoes ______ __________ in Britain before the
discovery of America. (not eat)

9. Too much money ______ _________ on presents
every Christmas. (spend)

10. The children at this camp ______ ________ (wake up)
at 7 o’clock every morning.

11. Fresh flower ______ ________ every morning, for
the 7:00 o’clock mass. (cut)

12. Fresh eggs ______ _________ by our chickens at
any hour. (lay)

13. The Cathedral bells ______ __________ every day
at 12:00 sharp. (ring)

14. Many people ______ _________ by Alzheimer every
year. (strike)

15. This English book ______ __________ by Ms. Golovchikoff. (write)

Passive Voice

Complete the sentences with the verb to “Be” + Use to + the Past Participle, and then change to questions.

1. The horse and buggy were used to transport people,

now cars are produced to do the job. (produce)

2. The Pony Express ______ _______ to send the mail,

today’s mail ______ ________ by air. (send)

3. Spanish ______ ________ mainly in Latin America and Spain,

now it ______ _________ all over the world. (speak)

4. We used to hand write a letter, now it ______ ________ on a
computer. (write)

5. Italy and Russia ______ ________ to be invaded by Napoleon,

now they ______ _________ by tourists. (invade)

6. The Popes used to ______ ________ (visit) only in Rome.

Today Pope John Paul the II ______ _________ all over
the world. (receive)

7. The Pyramids used to be _______ (construct) with stone lime.

Modern buildings ______ ________ with cement. (build)

8. The first Spanish Conquistadors used to bring water to a city by

aqueducts, today’s water ______ __________ by pipes. (bring)

9. Candle light was used to light homes, today they _____ ______
by electricity. (light)

10 Women used to wear only dresses, today pants _____ ______
by modern women. (wear)

Passive Voice


SECOND EVALUATION - Passive Voice

Exercise on Past Passive Voice & Simple Past

Rewrite the sentences in Past Passive voice.

! She sang a song. A song was sung by her.

Somebody hit me. _________________________________

We stopped the bus. _______________________________

A thief stole my car. _______________________________

They didn't let him go. _____________________________

She didn't win the prize. ____________________________

They didn't make their beds. ________________________

I did not tell them. _______________________________

Did you tell them? _______________________________

Did he send the letter? ____________________________

I drove a car last night. __________________________

She opened the letter. ___________________________

Alex bought a cell phone. _________________________

Gaby Noble opened the door. ______________________

Passive Voice

Rewrite the given sentences in Past Passive voice.

Example: Frank built a house.
Answer:A house was built. or
A house was built by Frank.

1) She bought four apples.

____________________________________________

2) We won the match.

____________________________________________

3) The man stole the blue car.

____________________________________________

4) The police arrested the thieves.

____________________________________________

5) Jack swam the 200 metres.

____________________________________________

6) The dog bit the old lady.

____________________________________________

7) Tom and Max ate five hamburgers.

____________________________________________

8) Oliver taught the children.

____________________________________________

9) Victoria rode the brown horse.

____________________________________________

10) Grandmother told good stories.

____________________________________________

Passive Voice

Change the sentences to the negative and then to questions in the Past Passive Voice.

1. They arrested her last week. =
She wasn’t arrested by them last week.
Was she arrested last week?


2. John wrote a letter.= __________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________?

3. They invited ten friends to the party. = _____________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________?

4. They have just built a new house. = _______________

________________________________________

_________________________________________?

5. The police caught the thieves yesterday. = ___________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________?

6. The maid will clean all the house for tomorrow. = ______

________________________________________

_________________________________________?

7. My brother hit me. ___________________________

_________________________________________?

8. They removed two cars from the street. ____________

_________________________________________?

Passive Voice

Change the Passive Sentences to questions.

1. What caused the accident?
What was the accident caused by?

2. Why has the government banned the film? ___________

Why has the film ________________by the government?

3. Do the hounds kill the fox? _______________________

Is the fox ____________________________________ ?

4. Do they make cars in Korea? _____________________

_________________________________ made in Korea?

5. How did your host family treat you?________________

__________________________ treated by your host family?

6. When did they hijack the plane?

When ___________________________________ hijacked?

7. Did they catch the thief?

Was the thief ____________________________________?

8. Will The King inaugurate the new bridge?

Will the new bridge _______________________ by The King?

9. Has anyone cleaned the oven yet?

__________________________________ been cleaned yet?

10. Did the bull kill the matador?

_________________________ the matador killed by the bull?

11. Have the police found the body?

______________________ the body been found by the police?

12. Is a doctor going to examine you?

____________________________ be examined by a doctor?

13. Are you going to clean the library today?

__________________________________ be cleaned today?

14. Do you write your last name “Noble”?

__________________________________________ Noble?

15. Did the Dean open his office at 8:00?

_________________________________________ at 8:00?

Passive Voice in Publications.

Complete the sentences with the Passive form of the verb in parenthesis in the present and the PAST.

1. The distance to the moon _______ ___________ (calculate)

long ago when measurements ________ __________ (make) by

ancient astronomers.

Observations __________ _______________ (take) from two

different places on the ground. The moon and these two

locations.

On the Earth a triangle _________ ______________ (form).

This imaginary triangle ______ ___________ (use) by ancient

astronomers to calculate the real distance to the moon.


2. This method ________ ___________ (not use) anymore.

Today laser beams _______ ___________ (use) instead.

Now, laser beams from the Earth ________ __________ (reflect)

by the mirrors, and the moon’s position _______ __________

(measure) to the nearest centimeters.

Passive Voice

Complete the paragraph using the verb in parenthesis in the past and passive voice.

Between the 1930 and 1970, the number of tigers in India

fell from 40,000 to 2,000. A lot of them _____ _______
(hunt) for sport.

Land and wood _____ ________ (need) for India’s people,

so forests _____ ________ (cut down).

Then in 1972, a campaign ______ _________ (start) to save the tigers.

It _____ _________ (call) Project Tiger.

Several National Parks _____ ________ (create).

Money _____ ________ (collect) from all over the world.

Most of the money _____ _________ (use) to pay the guards of
the National Parks.

In the next twenty years the number of tigers rose again to 5,000.
But now they are in danger again.

Complete the paragraph using the verb in parenthesis in the present and passive voice.

Tigers are in danger. If nothing _______ _________ (do).

They will not survive.


Most of the world’s tigers ______ _________ (find) in India.


They ______ ________ (protect) in national parks.

However, every year hundreds of them ______ ________ (kill)
by poachers.

The tigers __________ (not hunt) for sport.

They _________ (want) for their bones.

These _________ (use) in traditional Chinese medicines.

When the tigers ________ (kill), their bones _________(send)
to china.

There they ____________ (sell) for thousands of dollars.

The Choking Dog

"Come on, come on, move it, idiot!" Joanne beat impatiently on the steering wheel of her Mercedes sports car. How stupid to get caught up in the rush hour! She had planned to leave work early this afternoon, at three o'clock, to give herself a chance to relax and have a bath before going out to a meeting of her local tennis club.

But just at ten to three a client had arrived, and it was two hours before she had finished dealing with the man. When she came out of her office, all the other staff in the Highlight Advertising Agency had already left. Now she was stuck in a traffic jam in central Birmingham at 5:30, and at 6:30 she was expected to be chairing a meeting of the tennis club. There would be no time for any hot bath.

Ahead of her, the traffic was moving at last, and she swung quickly out into the centre lane to turn right, and raced the last half-mile through the quiet suburban streets to her house. Pulling up on the driveway, she leapt out of the car and ran for the house. As she opened the door, she nearly tripped over Sheba, who was standing behind it.

"Hey, Sheba, hello," she said, bending down to stroke the large alsatian dog's head, "I've got no time for you now, but I'll take you out as soon as I get back from the tennis club." It was then that she noticed something worrying about the dog. Sheba seemed to be coughing or choking, her stomach pumping repeatedly as if she was trying to vomit something up. She was obviously in real discomfort and could hardly breathe; her sad eyes gazed up at Joanne helplessly.

"Oh damn, this is all I need now," said Joanne to herself, dropping her briefcase and bending down to take a closer look, "a sick dog, today of all days!" On closer examination, Sheba did look very sick, and Joanne realized she would have to take her down to the vet immediately. Luckily, the vet's surgery was only a few streets away, and Joanne quickly loaded the dog, still coughing and choking, into her car for the short drive. When she got there, the surgery was just about to close for the day. Luckily, Dr. Sterne had not left yet, and when he saw the state of Sheba, he brought her quickly into his office.

"It looks like something is stuck in her throat," said Dr. Sterne. It shouldn't take me too long to get it out." "Listen, doctor, I'm really in a rush to get to a meeting -- can I leave her with you, and go and get changed? I'll be back in ten minutes to pick her up, then I'll take her on to the meeting with me. Is that OK?"

"Sure," said the doctor. "You get going. I'll see you in ten minutes." Joanne jumped back into her car again, and made the quick trip round to her house in a couple of minutes. As she was once more entering the hallway, the phone on the table by the door began to ring. She picked it up, annoyed by this additional interruption to her plans. "This is Dr. Sterne," said an anxious voice. "Is that you, Joanne?" "Of course it's me," said Joanne, surprised at the sound of his voice, "no-one else lives here."

"I want you to get right out of that house immediately," said the doctor's voice. "Right now. I'm coming round right away, and the police will be there any time now. Wait outside for us." The phone went dead. Joanne stared at it. She was confused, but she was also a little frightened by the obvious fear in the voice of the doctor. She replaced the receiver, then quickly backed out of the door and ran into the street. At that moment, a police car with its lights flashing swung round the corner and screeched to a stop outside the house.

Two policemen got out. After briefly checking that she was the owner of the house, they ran into the house through the still open door, without explaining anything. Joanne was by now completely confused and very frightened. Then the doctor arrived. "Where's Sheba? Is she OK?" shouted Joanne, running over to his car. "She's fine, Joanne. I extracted the thing which was choking her, and she's OK now." "Well what's this all about? Why are the police in my house?"
Just then, the two policemen reappeared from the house, half-carrying a white-faced figure, a man in a dark grey sweater and jeans, who, it seemed, could hardly walk. There was blood all over him. "My God," said Joanne, "how did he get in there? And how did you know he was there?" "I think he must be a burglar," said the doctor. "I knew he was there because when I finally removed what was stuck in Sheba's throat, it turned out to be three human fingers. I don't think he's a very happy burglar."

Passive Voice

Multiple-Choice Questions

1. Where did Joanne work?

a) an advertising agency
b) a vet's surgery
c) a Mercedes dealer's office
d) the text does not say

2. Why was she angry at the beginning of the story?

a)She was lost.
b)She had lost a client at work.
c)She was stuck in a traffic jam.
d)Her dog was sick.

3. Why did she take the dog to Dr. Sterne's surgery?

a) It was time for Sheba's checkup.
b) The dog couldn't breathe properly.
c) She wanted to get her out of the house.
d) The doctor had asked to see her.

4. Why did she leave the dog at the surgery and drive home again?

a) She wanted to catch a burglar.
b)The dog was too sick to come home.
c)The doctor wanted to keep her.
d)Joanne wanted to change her clothes.

5. How long did it take Joanne to drive home from the surgery?

a)two minutes
b)ten minutes
c)an hour
d)the text does not say

6. What happened as she arrived home for the second time?

a)The police arrived.
b)The phone rang.
c)The dog died.
d)A burglar was just escaping.

7. Why did the doctor tell her to get out of the house?

a)There was a dangerous dog in there.
b)It was on fire.
c)He knew there was a burglar inside.
d)He wanted to meet her outside.

8. Why did the burglar look very sick?

a)The police had caught him, and he would probably have to go to prison.
b)He had caught a disease from the dog.
c)He hadn't found any valuable things to steal.
d)The dog had bitten off his fingers.

9. The story says that the dog "gazed up at Joanne helplessly". "Gazed" means

a)stared
b)cried
c)barked
d)laughed

10. A "vet's surgery" is probably

a)a serious operation
b)a minor operation
c)an animal doctor's office
d)a police station

Passive Voice

The Choking Dog: Exercise on Passive Voice

1. Change this active sentence to the passive:
A client delayed Joanne when she was leaving the office.

___________________________________________

2. Change this active sentence to the passive:
The tennis club was holding a meeting at 6.30.

___________________________________________

3. Change this passive sentence to active:
The doorway was blocked by Sheba, the dog.

___________________________________________

4. Change this active sentence to passive:
Joanne had to take Sheba to the vet.

___________________________________________

5. Change this active sentence to passive:
Her condition worried the vet.

___________________________________________

6. Change this passive sentence to active:
The dog was treated by the vet while Joanne went home.

___________________________________________

7. Change this active sentence to passive:
The vet told Joanne to get out of the house.

___________________________________________

8. Change this active sentence to passive:
The telephone call confused Joanne.

___________________________________________

9. Change this active sentence to passive:
The police captured the burglar.

___________________________________________

10. Change this active sentence to passive:
The dog had bitten off his fingers.

___________________________________________

Tag Questions. (Youtube)

“You like English, don’t you?” Tag Questions.

Question -Tags: are like reply questions they are made up of
an Auxiliary verb + Pronoun. They are used at the end of
a sentence, to ask for confirmation of something we are not sure
about, “is this true”? or to ask for agreement, “do you agree”?

They are also used to express interest in what has been said.
“I saw an awful accident last night” - “Did you, dear?”

The best way to learn how to use a “Tag question” is following
this simple rule.

La mejor manera de aprender como usar los "Tag questions"
es siguiendo esta regla sensilla.

If you start a question with a negative your tag question should
be in an affirmative form and vice versa.

Si inicias una pregunta en negativo, tu pregunta "tag"
debe de estar en affirmativo y viceversa.

You’re the new secretary, aren’t you?
affirmative -----------------negative

He isn’t the new boss, is he?
negative -----------affirmative

When there is NO aux. verb in a sentence do or does is used for
the present, and did for the past to make the question tag.


John comes every day, doesn’t he? (present)
affirmative --------------------------negative

John came yesterday, didn’t he? (past)
affirmative -------------------------negative

Will you? Won’t you? Would you? Can you? Can’t you?
and could you? Are used in tag questions after imperatives.

They are not real questions, they mean something like “please”.
Won’t is used to invite.


Will, could, can and can’t tell people to do things.

Do sit down, won’t you? Give me a hand, will you?
Open a window, will you? Shut up, can’t you?

After a negative imperative, only will you? can be used.
Remember that imperatives are the base form of a verb to give orders.

Don’t forget, will you? Don’t give up, will you?

Complete with the appropriate question tag.

1. John is coming ______________________?

2. You will wait ______________________?

3. She asked you ______________________?

4. You can’t wait ______________________?

5. She didn’t ask you ______________________?

6. He will phone ______________________?

7. They open at six ______________________?

8. He won’t phone ______________________?

9. They don’t open at seven _____________________?

11 Alex isn’t coming ______________________?

12 They have finished ______________________?

Tag Questions.

Match the question tags with its correct sentence.



There can be used as a subject in question tags.
e. g There’s something wrong, isn’t there?


1. There won’t be any trouble, ________________________?

2. There are many students going to Disneyland ___________?

3. There will be, beer at the party______________________?

4. There is a storm coming, ___________________________?

5. There won’t be any snow,___________________________?

6. There are many tigers in extinction,___________________?

Tag Questions.

Complete with the appropriate question tag.

1. You’ve eaten oysters before______________?

2. Dominique shouldn’t eat any potatoes _____________?

3. You won’t mind opening a bottle of wine_____________?

4. I’m sitting in the wrong place __________________?

5. You don’t mind carving the meat __________________?

6. Those mushrooms tasted delicious, __________________?

7. The French make excellent cheeses _________________?

8. Every body wants coffee, ___________________?

9. People should enjoy their food ___________________?

10 Maria cooks Mexican dishes extremely well ___________?

Tag Questions.

Complete with the appropriate question tag.

1. The sun is shining now, ________________________?

2. Mr. Wilson lives there. _________________________?

3. Mrs. Fox didn’t speak to you, ____________________?

4. That is the teacher’s car, _______________________?

5. There wasn’t anyone in the room,_________________?

6. The Principal wasn’t in the office,__________________?

7. Mrs. Prieto speaks English very well,_______________?

8. Your friend didn’t see you yesterday,_______________?

9. Betty has written the letter already, _______________?

10. They will be at your house tonight,________________?

11. There were some keys on the desk,________________?

12. Mrs. Vougt doesn’t have a car,____________________?

13. Your guests had a very good time, ________________?

14. The students aren’t in class right now.______________?

15. That isn’t Mark’s briefcase,_______________________?

16. That bus goes to Guadalajara _____________________?

17. You have already seen that movie,_________________?

18. Mary didn’t leave the front door open,______________?

19. Mr. Ramírez went home very late, _________________?

20. Bill is studying at the U.A.B.C.____________________?

Tag Questions.

Complete with the appropriate question tag.

1) We just flew over Mexico city, _______________________?

2) This is the first time you’ve given blood, ________________?

3) Dinner will be ready soon, __________________________?

4) We can stop and get something to eat now, ______________?

5) Your daughter in law works at the bank, ________________?

6) We’ve eaten in this restaurant before, __________________?

7) We have to go to bed now, __________________________?

8) You’re making a cake, _____________________________?

9) Santa Clause will be here soon _______________________?

10) Oranges are on sale this week, ______________________?

11) You are on the bus tour with us, _____________________?

Cómo Hacer Preguntas

Relative Pronoun (Youtube)

THIRD EVALUATION. Relative Pronouns

Relative Pronouns are used to repeat the meaning of a
previous noun (the antecedent),at the same time they
connect the relative clause to the rest of the sentence.
So they act as conjunctions and pronouns at the same time.

e.g. What’s the name of the blond girl?
She just came in.


What’s the name of the blond girl who just came in?

In the second example, who replaces she as the subject
of came, and also allows us to join the two sentences into one.

who ______ whom _______ whose ________

which _____ that ________ what _________

when _____ where _______ why _________

Complete the following with who or which.

Is that the man who you were talking about?
No; don’t you recognize him?

He’s the one ________ married Silvia Fuentes.
Oh, yes, of course.
He owned the horse _______ won the Derby, didn’t he?

That’s right. And he’s also the man ______ bought that painting
by Clemente Orozco.
He must be very rich! And he has good taste.

It’s a painting ________ I have always admired.

If you like that kind of painting, you should see the

one __________ my cousin bought last year!

I have! I saw it at that party of his in Ensenada ______
lasted until five in the morning.

Of course! I’d forgotten you knew Jorge.

Now, I remember, I was the person __________ introduced
you to him. You certainly were.

It was at an exhibition. You know, the one __________
stayed open for about six months. I remember.

He was with that blond woman ___________ I didn’t like -
Maura, I think she was called.

Relative Pronouns.

Complete with that, who, whom or which.

1. Nadia Comaneci from Rumania was the woman __________
won the gold in gymnastics.

2. The horse ___________ won the 200th English Derby in
1979 was called Troy.

3. The horse ___________ the Roman Emperor Caligula
made Consul was nearly as intelligent as the senators.

4. The boxer __________ Muhammad Ali beat for his first world
championship title was Sonny Liston.

5. The ships __________ Columbus and his men sailed to
America were called the “Niña” the “Pinta” and the “Santa Maria”

6. The spaceship ____________ carried Armstrong and Aldrin
to the moon was Apollo XI.

7. Alfred Nobel was the man __________ invented dynamite.

8. The last play _________ Shakespeare wrote was
“The Two Noble Kinsmen”

9. The man __________ won the first modern Olympic marathon,
in Athens, was a Greek.

10. “The Jazz Singer” was the film __________ started the fashion
for “talking” films.

11. The teacher chatted with the student __________ stayed
behind after class.

12. The girl __________ we met was quite nice.

13. Do you know the girl __________ I as talking to?

14. The mouse __________ the cat tried to catch was too fast for him.

15. The window ___________ was broken has been repaired.

Relative Pronouns.

Read the answers to the questions, then supply the appropriate
question word
(why, what, who, whose, which, where, how.)


QUESTION ANSWER

1. __________are you going now? To the library

2. __________English book is this? It’s Pierre’s

3. __________time is it now? It’s eight-fifteen

4. __________much money do you have? Twenty dollars.

5. __________is that tall boy? My friend

6. __________did you talk to? The Principal

7. __________is your brother? In Mexicali

8. __________ many apples did you buy? Two pounds.

9. __________is your sister? The thin one.

10 __________color is her hair? Light brown

11 __________will she get here? Probably on Monday.

12 __________does “peculiar” mean? It means “strange”

13 __________is the bus stop? At the next corner.

14 __________put the chair here? Lita Krutz, I think.

15 __________are you going to buy? A pair of shoes.

16 __________is Eugene talking to? Gov. Schwarzenegger

17 __________did you eat? A tuna sandwich.

18 __________did you meet yesterday? Martha’s God father.

19 __________do you do that? Because I enjoy it.

20 __________far is Tijuana from there? A hundred miles.

Story of Chocolate.

Directions: Read the story. Then using who, which,
where, what, or when? Complete the sentences.


Chocolate first came from Central America. The word chocolate comes from the Aztec word which is use regularly in English. The Aztecs made a greasy, bitter drink called Xocoatl from cocoa beans mixed with cold water, spices, and cornmeal.

The Aztecs used the cocoa beans as a form of money. According to H. Bancroft, who was a historian, “four beans bought some vegetables, ten beans bought a woman, and a slave cost 100”.

The explorer Hernan Cortez was the first person to bring chocolate to Europe. He presented it to the Royal Spanish Court in Madrid and served it with herbs and pepper. Soon it became very fashionable to drink, mixed with sugar and vanilla, and drunk warm.

Conrad Van Houten, who was Dutch, was the first person to extract the cocoa butter from the cocoa beans in 1827.

In 1847, Joseph Fry, who lived in England, mixed the cocoa butter with ingredients to make a solid chocolate bar.

Daniel Peter, who was a confectioner in Switzerland, invented milk chocolate and in the 1870’s. Henry Nestle developed the process.

The cocoa tree originally comes from the Amazon’s rainforests. Brazil, West Africa, and Ecuador that now produce most of the 1.5 million tons of world cocoa crops.

The Mexicans put chocolate to savor dishes. They serve mole which is a kind of chocolate sauce, served on chicken, pork etc. It takes all the beans from the cocoa tree, to make a pound of chocolate.

In the United States, people spend an average of $2:00 a week on chocolate. Women love to buy chocolate more than two thirds of the chocolate, is sold to women. Men eat less than 40 percent. An average American eats between 12 and 16 lb. a year. Most chocolate is eaten at Christmas and Easter.

Chocolate contains small amounts of the chemical phenyl ethylamine, which is also naturally present in the brain and which gives us the same feeling as when we fall in love. The world’s largest chocolate model was a 30 ft. by 15 ft. representation of the Olympic Center in Barcelona.

In 1980, the Swiss police arrested a young couple because they were trying to sell chocolate secrets to foreign powers. They offered the recipes of forty different chocolates to the Soviet and Chinese embassies.

1. The word chocolate, ____________ comes from the Aztec
language, is the only Aztec word in English.

2. The first person to bring chocolate to Europe, was Cortez.

____________ was an explorer.

3. __________ Aztec drink was made from cocoa beans, called
Xocoatl?

4. Daniel Peter, __________ was Swiss, invented chocolate milk.

5. Chocolate, ____________ contains a special chemical,
that makes us feel as if we were falling in love.

6. __________do they mix in Mexican mole, to make the sauce?

7. __________ did the police in Switzerland arrest?

And ________ were they trying to sell to the Russians and Chinese?

8. __________ is chocolate most consumed in America?
Christmas and Easter.

9. ____________ does the cocoa tree come from?

10. ____________ kind of chocolate do you like?

11. ____________ do you buy chocolates?

12. ____________ made the first chocolate bar?
Joseph Fry who lived in England.